Video - using steam to treat soils infested with P. ramorum

On youtube - an interview with Rick Bostock, UC Davis, on steam treatment of soils

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQYrB4PNK4Q

Fourth genetic lineage of Phytophthora ramorum pathogen identified

The increasing intensity of the P. ramorum outbreaks in the UK led researchers to analyze samples from the new findings further, which resulted in the discovery of a fourth genetically distinct lineage of the pathogen.
Announcing this at the Fifth Sudden Oak Death Symposium in California recently, Clive Brasier, an emeritus professor with the Forestry Commission's Forest Research agency, said he believed, based on genetic analysis, that the previously unknown European Type 2 (EU2) lineage had been recently introduced into south-west Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Read the full article here

History is Key Factor in Plant Disease Virulence

A study of P. ramorum isolated from different hosts shows changes in virulence:

"The virulence of plant-borne diseases depends on not just the particular strain of a pathogen, but on where the pathogen has been before landing in its host, according to new research results.
Scientists from the University of California System and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) published the results today in the journal PLoS ONE.
The study demonstrates that the pattern of gene regulation--how a cell determines which genes it will encode into its structure and how it will encode them--rather than gene make-up alone affects how aggressively a microbe will behave in a plant host.
The pattern of gene regulation is formed by past environments, or by an original host plant from which the pathogen is transmitted."

Read more in the press release from the National Science Foundation

Forest Insects and Diseases Arrive in US Via Imported Plants

ScienceDaily (Apr. 9, 2012) — The trade in live plants from around the world has become a major industry in the United States, with new imports now valued at more than $500 billion annually. According to a study conducted by researchers at UC Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, however, what has proved to be a boon for the economy has also been shown to have devastating effects on the environment.

(read more)

Increased risk of damage from Phytophthora diseases under climate change

Sudden Oak Death and other Phytophthora tree diseases are predicted to be the most damaging of all tree diseases if climate change makes conditions in Western North America wetter and warmer.  This finding is one of the conclusions from "A Risk Assessment of Climate Change and the Impact of Forest Diseases on Forest Ecosystems in the Western United States and Canada," by John Kliejunas.  Drawing on a large body of published research, the report details the effects of eight forest diseases under two climate-change scenarios – warmer and drier conditions, and warmer and wetter conditions. The likelihood and consequences of increased damage to forests from each disease as a result of climate change were analyzed and assigned a risk value of high, moderate, or low.  The risk value is based on available biological information and subjective judgment.  Free copies of the report are available via download or by mail at http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr236/.  Funded by the USDA Forest Service's Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the risk assessment was conducted as part of the Climate Change and Western Forest Diseases initiative.
Kliejunas, J.T. 2011. A risk assessment of climate change and the impact of forest diseases on forest ecosystems in the Western United States and Canada. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-236. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 70 p.

From COMTF April Report

New website shares information about deadly tree pathogens

Sudden oak death, Port-Orford-cedar root disease and other deadly tree diseases caused by Phytophthora species (pronounced fy-TOF-ther-uhs) are threatening forest ecosystems worldwide. These microorganisms, which are related to algae and diatoms, spend part of their life cycle in soil or water but once they infect trees, they can kill them. A new web site, developed jointly by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and Oregon State University, hopes to put knowledge and resources in the hands of scientists and land managers as they look for ways to fight these deadly diseases.

website: www.forestphytophthoras.org/

Read the rest of the article at www.physorg.com 

Investigating the Spread of Infectious Diseases With NSF, NIH, U.K. Funding

How diseases are transmitted among humans, other animals, the environment is focus.

New research aimed at controlling the transmission of diseases among humans, other animals and the environment is being made possible by grants from a collaboration among U.S. and U.K. funding agencies.

By improving our understanding of the factors affecting disease transmission, the projects will help produce models to predict and control outbreaks. Funding is from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease (EEID) Program. It is also being provided by the U.K. Ecology of Infectious Diseases Initiative of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and U.K. Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).

Among the systems being studied is SOD:

Title: Interacting disturbances: leaf to landscape dynamics of emerging disease, fire and drought in California coastal forests
PI: David Rizzo, University of California - Davis

Summary: This research aims to better understand how the interaction of multiple factors like wildfire, drought, biodiversity and nutrient cycles can interact to regulate disease dynamics. Using long-term studies of sudden oak death, estimated to have killed millions of trees in the western U.S., scientists hope to gain new insights about how the emergence, persistence and spread of a pathogen is controlled by environmental disturbance.

Job posting

This job is available to a qualified person with an interest in SOD:

A plant pathologist research position is available at NORS-DUC. Responsibilities include working collaboratively with NORS-DUC scientists, training undergraduates using NORS-DUC research as a teaching tool, developing and carrying out new projects based on NORS-DUC P. ramorum research priorities, and assisting with NORS-DUC-related grant writing.  Review of applications will begin immediately and continue until the position filled.  For more information, contact Sibdas Ghosh by email or at (415) 482-3583.

Current Research at NORS-DUC

The mission of  the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California is to identify, prioritize, facilitate and conduct research related to pests and diseases of nursery stock while safeguarding plant health and the environment.

NORS-DUC is the first research site in the United States dedicated to the study of pests and diseases affecting the health of ornamental plants.  The facility is funded by a grant from the 2008 Farm Bill, administered through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST). 

Visit this link to see this years research projects at the National Ornamentals site at Dominican University of California (NORS-DUC).

http://www.dominican.edu/academics/hns/sciencemath/community-partnerships-and-initiatives/norsduc/research-at-nors-duc.html

P. ramorum in water workshop now on the web

Preventing the spread of Phytophthora ramorum via water was the focus of a 2 ½ day workshop in Puyallup, WA, June 28-30, 2011. Attended by over 50 regulators, researchers, and industry representatives from the western and southeastern US, as well as Washington, DC, the workshop's mission was to coalesce research, management, and regulations for effective, economical, and environmentally acceptable ways of limiting P. ramorum spread via contaminated nursery water runoff. The group began the meeting with a visit to the site of a previously positive Gig Harbor retail nursery (where P. ramorum-infested water had escaped the nursery and infected riparian salal plants) to review treatments and mitigations implemented. Meeting presentations addressed the incidence and distribution of P. ramorum detections in waterways, water baiting techniques, risks and impacts for WA, and treatments to reduce the risk of spreading inoculum in water. Research and education/outreach needs were identified, with group exercises and discussion concentrated on nursery treatments as well as water management, monitoring, and notification of downstream users of contaminated water. More information on the workshop can be found at: http://www.puyallup.wsu.edu/ppo/sod/extension/workshops/Pr_water_jun_2011/index.html. The meeting was organized by Gary Chastagner, Washington State University, and Susan Frankel, USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, and sponsored by Washington State University and the California Oak Mortality Task Force.

UC Berkeley Research Links Tree Die-Offs to Climate Change

An interesting idea:

Fungus-related plant diseases are wiping out forests across the world – and new research indicates a similar phenomenon emerged as a result of radical climate change some 250 million years ago. That in turn suggests that scourges such as sudden oak death, Dutch elm disease, and the collapse of eucalyptus stands in Australia could be linked to contemporary climate change.

Source: The Bay Citizen (http://s.tt/12YHN)

Agri-fos treatments to prevent SOD spread

Scientists Battle Sudden Oak Death

A swath of uninfected forest on the Peninsula could hold the key to stemming the tree-killing disease

By John Upton

Source: The Bay Citizen (http://s.tt/12RB9)

On a hot summer day in 2008, a pair of plant disease researchers made an extraordinary discovery as they toured a hillside forest in San Mateo County: a stand of trees that had not been infected by the killer disease known as sudden oak death.

The healthy swath of forest, located on watershed lands owned by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, is now being used as a laboratory for the largest experiment ever conducted in the wild on a promising preventive treatment for this fast-spreading scourge.

USDA funding for P. ramorum related projects

The USDA is allocating $50 million in fiscal year 2011 Farm Bill funding for projects that prevent the introduction or spread of plant pests and diseases that threaten U.S. agriculture and the environment. Of those funds, nearly $2 million will be provided to P. ramorum efforts, including survey and analysis of nurseries in 17 participating states, safeguarding nursery systems, and enhanced mitigation through monitoring the efficacy of treatments in wildland areas. To access the FY 2011 funding plan and list of projects, click here.

From the July COMTF newsletter.

Washington received some of this funding to develop biofiltration systems for reducing inoculum of Phytophthora in nursery water.

Slow Sand Filtration Project

Slow Sand Filtration Project for South Carolina P. ramorum-Positive Nursery – The Clemson University Department of Plant Industry strives to protect SC's agricultural resources and natural ecosystems from the introduction and spread of invasive species such as P. ramorum. One nursery in SC has had positive detections of P. ramorum for three consecutive years. While surveys indicate that eradication efforts have eliminated P. ramorum from nursery stock, the pathogen continues to be found in the nursery's water and soil; however, perimeter forest surveys and stream baiting of the river associated with this nursery have all been negative to date.

In an effort to maintain the pathogen-free status of the natural area outside of the nursery, Clemson University researchers and the nursery owner are installing a slow sand filtration system in which all runoff will be directed into a vegetated ditch that will lead to a small retention pond for sediment dispersal. The water from the pond will be pumped into a slow sand filtration system and then drain to another vegetated area for diffusion before entering the river. Each component of the system will be monitored by Clemson University researchers. The nursery and river will continue to be tested for P. ramorum according to USDA CNP protocol and the state compliance agreement. For more information, email Christel Harden.

From the June COMTF Report

First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting California Red Fir in California

G. A. Chastagner and K. L. Riley, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University Research and Extension Center, Puyallup 98371

September 2010, Volume 94, Number 9
Page 1170
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1170B


Read the article in Plant Disease

First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Mistletoe in California

Riley, K. L., and Chastagner, G. A. 2011. First report of Phytophthora ramorum infecting mistletoe in California. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0209-02-BR.

Read the article here.

Sudden Oak Death Plus Wildfire: A Natural Experiment

From Oregon to Big Sur, potentially millions of trees have been killed by Sudden Oak Death, or SOD. In 2006 and 2007, researchers from UC Davis set up a large-scale study in the coastal forests near Big Sur to examine the spread of the disease and its impact on forest dynamics. The area was one of the first to be affected by SOD. Members of the Rizzo Lab at UC Davis had established 280 plots across the region, carefully counting and measuring each tree and checking for SOD infection. Then, in June 2008, the Basin Complex Fire ripped through Big Sur, burning over 95,000 hectares of forest. By the time the fire was contained, over a month after it began, one third of the team’s plots were crisp and blackened.

Read more: KQED QUEST Community Science Blog

More news articles from the Capital Press

Nurseries get proactive in researching issues August 19, 2010

Researchers have begun taking the offense against the many issues the nursery industry faces.
Marc Teffeau, director of research and regulatory affairs for the American Nursery and Landscape Association, said his association has transformed research to look toward the future, anticipating issues and not always playing a defensive game.

Read More

South Carolina abandons nursery rules April 22, 2010

South Carolina has abandoned regulations that hindered nursery stock shipments from the West Coast, capitulating to demands from California and Oregon nursery groups.

On April 19, South Carolina regulators withdrew regulations aimed at preventing the spread of Phytophthora ramorum, or sudden oak death, into the state, according to court documents.

The regulations, enacted in 2009, imposed additional inspection and notification requirements on nursery shipments from areas afflicted by the fungal pathogen.

Read More

Comprehensive report on SOD

Now available.

Synthesizing more than 10 years of cooperative research on the exotic invasive, quarantine sudden oak death pathogen, the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW) recently published "Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature." This 181-page comprehensive report covers a wide range of topics, including a history of sudden oak death, identification and distribution of the disease, epidemiology and modeling, management and control, and economic and environmental impacts.

read the rest of the press release.

Information on how to download or order a free copy of the report, "Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature" can be found at: http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr234/.

Tree deaths affect disease-carrying ticks: Scientists study whether there is a link between tree deaths and Lyme disease

Over the past 15 years, an invasive plant disease has left a patchwork of dead and dying trees in California's majestic coastal forests. But the loss of trees is changing more than just panoramic views: The number of ticks that can carry a disease that causes painful joint swelling, fatigue and even neurological damage is growing - a result of the gaps created in the forest when trees die, a recent study found.

To determine how the loss of trees affects ticks, their hosts and the Lyme disease they might carry, researchers at UC Berkeley, UC Santa Barbara and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York have embarked on a multi-year study of animal populations in a North San Francisco Bay forest infected with Sudden Oak Death.

read more in the San Jose Mercury-News