Tuesday, February 26, 2013
New biosecurity posters
Learn how to keep exotic pest invaders, such as P. ramorum, out of our forests, nurseries, and landscapes. Biosecurity posters now available from Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), UK. at this link.
Thursday, February 7, 2013
Changes in federal P. ramorum regulations
As of 12/10/12, the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
(APHIS) amended the federal order (FO) regarding advance notification
for interstate shipments of P. ramorum high-risk host nursery stock. Interstate shipments of Camellia, Kalmia, Pieris, Rhododendron (including Azalea), and Viburnum nursery
stock from all 14 quarantine California counties and Curry County, OR
must continue to provide written notification to non-regulated states.
However, only previously (since 2010) or newly positive nurseries in
the regulated areas of California, Oregon, and Washington shipping any
species of Camellia, Kalmia, Pieris, Rhododendron (including Azalea), and Viburnum to
non-regulated states are now required to pre-notify. Nurseries located
in the regulated areas with no positive detections for the last 3
consecutive years are no longer required to pre-notify. In the future,
if P. ramorum is detected at a nursery in the regulated area,
it will also be required to provide pre-notifications. The above
revision to the FO removed the pre-notification requirement for hundreds
of nurseries that have never been positive for P. ramorum.
APHIS and the state regulatory agencies in CA, OR, and WA jointly reviewed the history of nurseries in the regulated areas and determined which ones are affected by the FO. Nurseries that need to comply have been notified. Affected nurseries must comply with the requirement while under the Confirmed Nursery Protocol and for two years after release. Advance notifications serve as an additional source of information for states receiving high-risk P. ramorum host nursery stock and at the same time minimize burden on the regulatory agencies and the nursery industry. Any newly positive nursery is required to provide the state and APHIS with trace information.
To access the FO and guidance document, go to http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/index.shtml. For more information, contact Prakash Hebbar at (301) 851-2228 or prakash.hebbar@aphis.usda.gov or Stacy Scott at (970) 494-7577 or stacy.e.scott@aphis.usda.gov.
From the February COMTF newsletter.
APHIS and the state regulatory agencies in CA, OR, and WA jointly reviewed the history of nurseries in the regulated areas and determined which ones are affected by the FO. Nurseries that need to comply have been notified. Affected nurseries must comply with the requirement while under the Confirmed Nursery Protocol and for two years after release. Advance notifications serve as an additional source of information for states receiving high-risk P. ramorum host nursery stock and at the same time minimize burden on the regulatory agencies and the nursery industry. Any newly positive nursery is required to provide the state and APHIS with trace information.
To access the FO and guidance document, go to http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/index.shtml. For more information, contact Prakash Hebbar at (301) 851-2228 or prakash.hebbar@aphis.usda.gov or Stacy Scott at (970) 494-7577 or stacy.e.scott@aphis.usda.gov.
From the February COMTF newsletter.
Stream monitoring updates
Three new positive waterways were identified in Georgia, Texas, and Washington in 2012 as a result of the National P. ramorum
Early Detection Survey of Forests, bringing the total number of known
positive sites outside of the established disease range in CA and OR to
15. Seventeen states participated in the program, for a
total of 114 stream baiting locations in all. Of the 12 previously
positive sites in AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, and WA, 11 were surveyed in 2012
and continue to be positive, reinforcing the trend of annual repeat
detections once a site is initially confirmed.
The newly identified Texas stream was baited in response to positive soil findings at an associated nursery in the summer of 2012; however, no P. ramorum-positive plants were identified. The last time the nursery had confirmed positive plants was in 2004 as a result of the nationwide P. ramorum-positive Camellia shipment. Water baiting in the stream outside of that nursery was also conducted in 2010 and found negative.
Washington’s 2012 P. ramorum early detection survey of forests resulted in four positive water confirmations. One of the sites was a new P. ramorum-positive location: a watershed sub-basin adjoining the Sammamish River, King County (which has been P. ramorum positive since 2007). Three other locations were repeat positives for P. ramorum: one in a stream that feeds into the Sammamish River, one in the Sammamish River, and one in a Lewis County stream in a forested area. None of the finds were in association with streamside plant infections. In total, there were 12 baiting traps in 11 western Washington streams in 2012. All baited streams were associated with nurseries previously identified with P. ramorum-positive plant stock.
The 2011 survey of water baiting methods (comparing in vitro baiting, Bottle O’Bait, and in situ baiting, bags) was expanded in 2012 and yielded consistent results with those obtained in 2011. Sampling occurred at 25 positive sites in 6 states. The pathogen was recovered by one or both assays in 139 comparable cases. In vitro baiting was the more effective method overall (55 percent of recoveries); however, after analysis with 2011 data, it was clear the advantage was seasonally based, with spring being optimal. The rate of P. ramorum recovery overall was lower in the fall, at which time in situ baiting was a more reliable method. The pathogen was recovered by in vitro assay at nine sites over the two survey years when in situ baiting failed. Without in vitro baiting, these sites would have been classified P. ramorum negative. However, there was one site in 2012 where in situ succeeded and BOB failed. Based on survey results, 2013 National P. ramorum Early Detection Survey of Forests cooperators will have the option of using either assay. Unfortunately, due to budget shortfalls, it is anticipated that the 2013 program will be greatly reduced.
From the February COMTF newsletter.
The newly identified Texas stream was baited in response to positive soil findings at an associated nursery in the summer of 2012; however, no P. ramorum-positive plants were identified. The last time the nursery had confirmed positive plants was in 2004 as a result of the nationwide P. ramorum-positive Camellia shipment. Water baiting in the stream outside of that nursery was also conducted in 2010 and found negative.
Washington’s 2012 P. ramorum early detection survey of forests resulted in four positive water confirmations. One of the sites was a new P. ramorum-positive location: a watershed sub-basin adjoining the Sammamish River, King County (which has been P. ramorum positive since 2007). Three other locations were repeat positives for P. ramorum: one in a stream that feeds into the Sammamish River, one in the Sammamish River, and one in a Lewis County stream in a forested area. None of the finds were in association with streamside plant infections. In total, there were 12 baiting traps in 11 western Washington streams in 2012. All baited streams were associated with nurseries previously identified with P. ramorum-positive plant stock.
The 2011 survey of water baiting methods (comparing in vitro baiting, Bottle O’Bait, and in situ baiting, bags) was expanded in 2012 and yielded consistent results with those obtained in 2011. Sampling occurred at 25 positive sites in 6 states. The pathogen was recovered by one or both assays in 139 comparable cases. In vitro baiting was the more effective method overall (55 percent of recoveries); however, after analysis with 2011 data, it was clear the advantage was seasonally based, with spring being optimal. The rate of P. ramorum recovery overall was lower in the fall, at which time in situ baiting was a more reliable method. The pathogen was recovered by in vitro assay at nine sites over the two survey years when in situ baiting failed. Without in vitro baiting, these sites would have been classified P. ramorum negative. However, there was one site in 2012 where in situ succeeded and BOB failed. Based on survey results, 2013 National P. ramorum Early Detection Survey of Forests cooperators will have the option of using either assay. Unfortunately, due to budget shortfalls, it is anticipated that the 2013 program will be greatly reduced.
From the February COMTF newsletter.
Nursery updates
Thirty-three nurseries in eight states (CA, OR, WA, NC, ME, NY, PA. and IN) had P. ramorum confirmations in 2012 (up from 23 nurseries in 5 states in 2011), including 17 interstate shippers (16 in regulated states and 1 in NY) and 16 non-interstate shippers. Sixteen of the finds (48.5%) were first time detections (CA-3, OR-7, WA-2, NY-1, IN-1) and 17 (51.5%) were repeat nurseries. Although host plants from P. ramorum-positive nurseries were shipped to 33 states, when trace-forward investigations were conducted, positive plants were detected in only 2 non-interstate shipping nurseries (ME, PA) and four residential (ME, CA, OR, WA) locations. Of the four positive residential finds, two (ME, CA) were traced back to a nursery in OR and two (OR, WA) were traced back to a WA nursery.
High-risk host plants comprised 85% of confirmations: Rhododendron (OR-16, WA-14, CA-7, NY-7, ME-5, PA-1, IN-1), Camellia (CA-5, OR-4, WA-1, NC-1), Viburnum (OR-7, WA-2, CA-1), Pieris (OR-4, WA-2, NY-1), and Kalmia (OR-2, NY-1). The remaining 15% of confirmations came from: Cornus kousa (OR-1), Gaultheria procumbens-a newly identified host-(WA-1, ME-1, OR-1), Gaultheria shallon (OR-1), Hamamelis intermedia (OR-1), Hamamelis virginiana (OR-1), Loropetalum chinense (CA-3), Magnolia grandiflora (OR-2, WA-1), Prunus laurocerasus (OR-1), Trachelospermum jasminoides (CA-1), cull pile material(OR-1), potting media(OR-3), soil substrate (OR-4, CA-2, ME-2, WA-1), and water (WA-6, NY-2).
California Nursery-Related Summary, 2012 – California had seven P. ramorum-positive nurseries in 2012, of which four were previously positive. Five confirmations came from production facilities and two were retail. Two of the nurseries were in the quarantine area and five were in the regulated area. Of the 18,235 samples tested, there were 17 positive plant samples (6- Camellia, 6-Rhododendron, 1-Viburnum, 3- Loropetalum, 1- Trachelospermum).
Oregon Nursery-Related Summary, 2012 – Oregon tested 21,353 samples for P. ramorum from 542 grower sites as part of the Federal P. ramorum Certification Program in 2012. The pathogen was detected at 11 nurseries on Camellia, Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia, Pieris, Rhododendron, and Viburnum. Delimitation surveys within the positive nurseries detected additional infections on Camellia, Cornus kousa, H. intermedia, Magnolia grandiflora, Pieris, Prunus laurocerasus, Rhododendron, and Viburnum, as well as in potting media, soil, and a cull pile. All of the nurseries underwent the USDA Confirmed Nursery Protocol. P. ramorum was also detected at a residential site on Gaultheria shallon and G. procumbens plants imported from a P. ramorum-positive nursery in Washington. This was the first time Gaultheria procumbens had ever been found positive for the pathogen. The USDA Confirmed Residential Protocol was enacted and completed at the site.
From the February COMTF Newsletter.
New article on stream monitoring
Not sure how long this will be available for download, better act soon!
Hüberli, D.; St. J. Hardy, G.E.; White, D.; Williams, N.; Burgess, T.I. 2013. Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia’s waterways: a distribution and diversity survey. Australasian Plant Pathology. DOI: 10.1007/s13313-012-0195-6. (Online First view)
Hüberli, D.; St. J. Hardy, G.E.; White, D.; Williams, N.; Burgess, T.I. 2013. Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia’s waterways: a distribution and diversity survey. Australasian Plant Pathology. DOI: 10.1007/s13313-012-0195-6. (Online First view)
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